790. Is civilisation a progress, or, according to some philosophers, a decadence, of the human race?
"A progress, but incomplete. Mankind does not pass suddenly from infancy to the age of reason."
- Is it reasonable to condemn civilisation?
"You should condemn those who misuse it, rather than condemn the work of God."
791. Will civilisation be eventually purified, so that the evils caused by it will disappear?
"Yes, when man's moral nature shall be as fully developed as his intelligence. The fruit cannot come before the flower."
792. Why does not civilisation produce at once all the good it is capable of producing?
"Because men are not as yet either ready or disposed to obtain that good."
- May it not be also because in creating new wants it excites new passions?
"Yes, and because all the faculties of a spirit do not progress together; everything takes time. You cannot expect perfect fruit from a civilisation that is still incomplete." (751-780.)
793. By what signs shall we know when a civilisation has reached its apogee?
"You will know it by its moral development. You believe yourselves to be considerably advanced, because you have made great discoveries and wonderful inventions, because you are better lodged and better clothed than the savages; but you will only have the right to call yourselves 'civilised' when you have banished from your society the vices that dishonour it, and when you live among yourselves like brothers, practising Christian charity. Until then, you are merely enlightened nations, having traversed only the first phase of civilisation"
Civilisation has its degrees like everything else. An incomplete civilisation is a state of transition which engenders special evils unknown to the primitive state; but it none the less constitutes a natural and necessary progress, which brings with it the remedy for the evils it occasions. In proportion as civilisation becomes perfected, it puts an end to the ills it has engendered, and these ills disappear altogether with the advance of moral progress.
Of two nations which have reached the summit of the social scale, that one may be called the most advanced in which is found the smallest amount of selfishness, cupidity, and pride; in which the habits are more moral and intellectual than material; in which intelligence can develop itself most freely; in which there is the greatest amount of kindness, good faith, and reciprocal benevolence and generosity; in which the prejudices of caste and of birth are the least rooted, for those prejudices are incompatible with the true love of the neighbour; in which the laws sanction no privilege, and are the same for the lowest as for the highest; in which justice is administered with the least amount of partiality; in which the weak always finds support against the strong; in which human life, beliefs, and opinions are most respected; in which there is the smallest number of the poor and the unhappy; and, finally, in which every man who is willing to work is always sure of the necessaries of life.